Practice (41-80) Ophthalmology MCQs on eye development, embryology, and congenital anomalies. Includes answers & explanations. Ideal for NEET PG, NEXT, AIIMS, MRCS, and optometry exam preparation. MCQs on eye development Covers key topics like optic nerve, corneal layers, PHPV, PAX6, and coloboma. visit our Index page to find topic Wise ophthalmology Mcq.
41. Bowman’s membrane is derived from:
A. Corneal stroma (mesenchymal)
B. Surface ectoderm
C. Lens capsule
D. Neuroectoderm
View Answer
A. Corneal stroma (mesenchymal) ✅ Exp: Specialized condensation of mesenchymal stroma
42. Descemet’s membrane secreted by:
A. Corneal endothelium
B. Corneal epithelium
C. Lens epithelium
D. Trabecular cells
View Answer
A. Corneal endothelium ✅ Exp: Endothelium continuously secretes Descemet’s.
43. Trabecular meshwork develops from:
A. Neural crest
B. Neuroectoderm
C. Surface ectoderm
D. Mesoderm
View Answer
A. Neural crest ✅ Exp: Derived from neural crest mesenchyme.
44. Canal of Schlemm develops from:
A. Mesenchyme
B. Surface ectoderm
C. Neuroectoderm
D. Endoderm
View Answer
A. Mesenchyme ✅ Exp: Endothelial-lined venous sinus from mesenchyme.
45. Congenital glaucoma (buphthalmos) is due to:
A. Trabecular dysgenesis
B. Persistent pupillary membrane
C. Non-closure of fissure
D. Failure of eyelid opening
View Answer
A. Trabecular dysgenesis ✅ Exp: Maldeveloped trabecular meshwork → ↑ IOP.
46. Optic nerve develops from:
A. Optic stalk (neuroectoderm)
B. Mesoderm
C. Surface ectoderm
D. Neural crest
View Answer
A. Optic stalk (neuroectoderm) ✅ Exp: Optic stalk forms optic nerve fibres.
47. Myelination of optic nerve begins at:
A. Lateral geniculate body
B. Retina
C. Chiasma
D. Cornea
View Answer
A. Lateral geniculate body ✅ Exp: Myelination starts from LGN and progresses forward.
48. Myelination of optic nerve ends at:
A. Lamina cribrosa
B. Retina
C. Fovea
D. Optic disc always
View Answer
A. Lamina cribrosa ✅ Exp: Normally stops at lamina cribrosa.
49. If myelination extends beyond lamina cribrosa:
A. Myelinated nerve fibre layer seen
B. Coloboma
C. Optic disc pit
D. Glaucoma
View Answer
A. Myelinated nerve fibre layer seen ✅ Exp: Visible as white patches in retina.
50. Fovea is immature at birth because:
A. Cones not fully developed
B. Absent rods
C. Absent pigment
D. Lack of vasculature
View Answer
A. Cones not fully developed ✅ Exp: Cone elongation & packing continue after birth.
51. Primary vitreous origin:
A. Mesenchyme
B. Neuroectoderm
C. Surface ectoderm
D. Neural crest
View Answer
A. Mesenchyme ✅ Exp: Contains hyaloid vascular system.
52. Secondary vitreous produced by:
A. Neuroectoderm of retina
B. Mesoderm
C. Neural crest
D. Surface ectoderm
View Answer
A. Neuroectoderm of retina ✅ Exp: Gel secreted by neuroectoderm.
53. Tertiary vitreous forms:
A. Zonules of Zinn (suspensory ligaments)
B. Lens capsule
C. Retina
D. Vitreous base
View Answer
A. Zonules of Zinn (suspensory ligaments) ✅ Exp: Tertiary vitreous → zonules.
54. Lens capsule is secreted by:
A. Lens epithelium
B. Surface ectoderm
C. Corneal epithelium
D. Ciliary body
view Answer
A. Lens epithelium ✅ Exp: Lens epithelium produces capsule.
55. Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) occurs due to:
A. Persistence of hyaloid artery
B. Arrested fissure closure
C. PAX6 mutation
D. Failure of eyelid separation
View Answer
A. Persistence of hyaloid artery ✅ Exp: Hyaloid fails to regress → PHPV.
56. Glands of Moll are:
A. Modified sweat glands
B. Sebaceous glands
C. Lacrimal glands
D. Serous glands
View Answer
A. Modified sweat glands ✅ Exp: Apocrine sweat glands at lid margin.
57. Glands of Zeis are:
A. Sebaceous glands
B. Sweat glands
C. Lacrimal glands
D. Serous glands
View Answer
A. Sebaceous glands ✅ Exp: Sebaceous glands associated with lashes.
58. Lacrimal gland origin:
A. Surface ectoderm
B. Neural crest
C. Mesoderm
D. Neuroectoderm
View Answer
A. Surface ectoderm ✅ Exp: Develops from ectodermal buds.
59. Lacrimal gland functional maturity by:
A. 3rd month postnatal
B. At birth
C. 6 months postnatal
D. 1 year
View Answer
A. 3rd month postnatal ✅ Exp: Tears start ~3 months after birth.
60. Eyelid levator muscle origin:
A. Pre-otic mesoderm
B. Surface ectoderm
C. Neuroectoderm
D. Neural crest
View Answer
A. Pre-otic mesoderm ✅ Exp: EOMs including LPS from mesoderm.
61. Aniridia caused by mutation of:
A. PAX6
B. FOXC1
C. SOX2
D. OTX2
View Answer
A. PAX6 ✅ Exp: Classic genetic cause of aniridia.
62. Axenfeld–Rieger anomaly associated with mutation in:
A. FOXC1 & PITX2
B. PAX6
C. SOX2
D. MITF
View Answer
A. FOXC1 & PITX2 ✅ Exp: Genes for anterior chamber dysgenesis.
63. Albinism occurs due to mutation in:
A. MITF or tyrosinase pathway
B. SOX2
C. FOXC1
D. PITX2
View Answer
A. MITF or tyrosinase pathway ✅ Exp: Ocular albinism → defective melanin synthesis.
64. Foveal hypoplasia is seen in:
A. Albinism
B. Coloboma
C. PHPV
D. Microphthalmia
View Answer
A. Albinism ✅ Exp: Lack of foveal pit in albinism.
65. Peter’s anomaly features:
A. Central corneal opacity + anterior chamber dysgenesis
B. Foveal hypoplasia
C. Aniridia
D. Coloboma
View Answer
A. Central corneal opacity + anterior chamber dysgenesis ✅ Exp: Rare congenital corneal anomaly.
66. Retina begins differentiation at:
A. 4th week
B. 6th week
C. 8th week
D. Birth
View Answer
A. 4th week ✅ Exp: Retina forms early from optic cup.
67. Photoreceptors mature after:
A. Birth
B. 6th month gestation
C. 12th week
D. 20 weeks
View Answer
A. Birth ✅ Exp: Cone maturation continues postnatally.
68. Pupillary membrane disappears by:
A. 8th month gestation
B. Birth
C. 4th month gestation
D. 1 year postnatal
View Answer
A. 8th month gestation ✅ Exp: Normally regresses before birth.
69. Eyeball attains adult size by:
A. 7–8 years
B. Birth
C. 4 years
D. Adolescence
View Answer
A. 7–8 years ✅ Exp: Most growth complete by ~7 years.
70. Corneal diameter at birth:
A. ~10 mm
B. 8 mm
C. 12 mm
D. 14 mm
View Answer
A. ~10 mm ✅ Exp: Cornea 10 mm at birth, adult ~11–12 mm.
71. Danger of face infections spreading to orbit due to:
A. Valveless ophthalmic veins
B. Nasolacrimal duct
C. Myelinated nerve fibres
D. Corneal stroma
View Answer
A. Valveless ophthalmic veins ✅ Exp: Facial vein → ophthalmic veins → cavernous sinus.
72. Fetal fissure closure failure causes:
A. Coloboma
B. Aniridia
C. PHPV
D. Albinism
View Answer
A. Coloboma ✅ Exp: Classic embryological defect.
73. Eye color depends on:
A. Amount of stromal melanin
B. Corneal clarity
C. Lens transparency
D. Iris thickness
View Answer
A. Amount of stromal melanin ✅ Exp: More melanin → darker eyes.
74. Retinoblastoma arises from:
A. Mutations in RB1 gene
B. FOXC1
C. SOX2
D. PAX6
View Answer
A. Mutations in RB1 gene ✅ Exp: RB1 mutation on chromosome 13.
75. Typical age of presentation of retinoblastoma:
A. <5 years
B. 10–12 years
C. Birth only
D. Adulthood
View Answer
A. <5 years ✅ Exp: Most cases in first 5 years.
76. Holoprosencephaly may lead to:
A. Cyclopia
B. Aniridia
C. Microcornea
D. Coloboma
View Answer
A. Cyclopia ✅ Exp: Midline defect → fused eye.
77. Eyelid coloboma due to:
A. Defective fusion of eyelid folds
B. Persistence of pupillary membrane
C. Hyaloid artery persistence
D. FOXC1 mutation
View Answer
A. Defective fusion of eyelid folds ✅ Exp: Developmental gap in eyelid fold closure.
78. Congenital aphakia is:
A. Absence of lens
B. Absence of iris
C. Absence of vitreous
D. Absence of cornea
View Answer
A. Absence of lens ✅ Exp: Due to absent lens vesicle formation.
79. Blue sclera seen in:
A. Osteogenesis imperfecta
B. Aniridia
C. Coloboma
D. Retinitis pigmentosa
View Answer
A. Osteogenesis imperfecta ✅ Exp: Thin sclera shows underlying choroid.
80. Congenital corneal opacity may result from:
A. Peter’s anomaly, sclerocornea, congenital glaucoma
B. Persistent pupillary membrane only
C. Retinoblastoma
D. Microphthalmia only
View Answer
A. Peter’s anomaly, sclerocornea, congenital glaucoma ✅ Exp: Multiple developmental anomalies can cause opacity.
